Te Kiri Whakamahana, Koia te Wāhanga Pūmau mo ia Minita Tino Matariki!

Te Mahi Matua o Nga Kiri Whakarite E Pānga Ana ki te Wai me te Kapia

He Aha te Take i te Whakamahana i te Whakarite ki te Wai mo te Tūtonu o nga Tuhipoka

Nui ake te hunga o nga kiri whakarite e āhei ana ki te taea i te wai, mo te whakamaharatanga i nga tuhipoka ki ngā pūngao me te wai, otirā he whakamahinga matua e hīkina nei te tūponotanga mō te tūtonu o nga tuhipoka. I roto i nga wāhi e tino noho ake ana ki te huangaro rānei, ko te whakamaharatanga i nga tuhipoka ki te wai he mea nui. He kōrero anō kei ngā rangahau, ka whanake te oranga o nga kōnae tūranga i waenganui i te 10 waenga tonu i runga i te whakamahinga i nga raraunga e āhei ana ki te taea i te wai, i waenganui i nga tuhipoka kāore i whakamaharatia. Ko tenei e tika ana i roto i nga wā e noho rawa atu ana nga tuhipoka i waenganui i nga wā e kino ana. Hei tauira, ko nga tohu māwaho rānei, ko nga reipe ā-pātaka kai e kitea ake ana i te wai, ko te whakamahana ki te wai he mea matua mo te whakamaharatanga i enei raraunga.

Ngā Huinga Kapia: Te Whakamaharatanga mo te Whakatūpato i te Taiao

He mea nui te whiwhinga kōmori hei tiaki i ngā tuhinga nui ki te whakamau i aua raraunga i te pūtaetae me te horahanga, e waihanga ana he maimoatanga tūmatanui me te wehe i te pai o ngā tuhinga. Ko tēnei ka whakamanahia ai te whakaora raraunga me te whakamana i te pai o ngā tuhinga kei te wā e huringa ana. Ki te whakamahi i ngā whakaritenga kōmori hei tiaki i te pūtaetae, ka whakamanahia e ngā pakihi i ngā raraunga hei kitea rawa me te pai tonu, ā, ka whakapai i te āhua i waenganui i ngā kawe korero ki ngā kiritaki rānei me ngā whakaaturanga tuatahi. Tautoko kei runga i te māramatanga ko ngā mata ki runga i te kōmori e noho whakahirahira nei ki te whakatika me te whakahaere, ka tiakina i te wā me ngā rauemi i te whakahaere i ngā tuhinga.

Te whakahoki i te tahuri o te rā: Te pakari i te wehe pai o te rā

Nga kiri whakamahana i te UV e mahi ana hei paenga kia tuwhera ki nga ra o te UVA me te UVB ka taea e rata ki te whakaputu o nga matapihi, e tiaki ana i te mana me te akiaki kitea o nga tuhinga. Ko tenei atu he mea nui rawa noa iho mo nga tuhinga me nga kaiwhakaahua e tuku nei i waenganui i te marama tuatahi. He whakaaro hoki o nga paerewa i roto i te whenua, ko te whakauru i te tiaki UV ka whakatika mai i te pai ake o te whanaketanga kitea o nga kaiwhakaahua, ngā pāpori, me nga photo e hainahia ana ki te marama i runga i nga wā e hirari ana. Ko te whiriwhiringa i nga ratonga whakamahana i te tiaki UV he mea nui rawa mo nga rautaki whakapuhikitanga i waho, ina ka tiaki i a ratou whanaketanga whakahirahira me te pai ake i te whakawhitiwhiti korero i waenganui i nga wā.

Nga Tohu Matua e Whakarite ana i nga Kiri Whakamahana Taumata

Tataunga Pai Rawe mo te Whakapai Akiaki

Kei te whakapai te taiao hihiko i te whiuwhiu rangahau o ngā kiri filmi tāpapa matua i te rahi o ngā tae me te waea o ngā kōwhiringa me ngā kohikohinga, whakamana i a rātou ki te tū mōhio ki roto i ngā raraunga pārongo. Ko ngā rorohiko ā-whatu i te tohu whakaetanga ka tautoko mai he mea nui kei te whiuwhiu hihiko e āhei ana ki te whāia te mahi pai a ngā kaiwhakamahere me te whakawhanaunga i runga i te 30%. He nui te paunga o tēnei whiuwhiu mō ngā mea pērā i ngā tohu hangarau me ngā whakaaturanga whakaahua, kei reira te nui o te whakaaro tuatahi. Ki te whakamahi i ngā kiri filmi tāpapa hihiko, ka whakarerekē ngā raraunga tuhituhi kē ki ngā whakaputanga kaha me ngā whakapuaki e āhei ana ki te whakawhanaunga i ngā kaiako.

Te Uki Whakateki: Whakarite i te Pono me te Ngaro

Kei te whakamahi ngā kiriwhara hōu i ngā mīhini he whakapae kei reira nui rawa atu te tūmanako me te wana, kia tutuki ai kia ora ngā rara ki te tirotiro, karekau e pērā nei hei whakatetonga. E āhei ana tēnei tūmanako ki ngā rara kia kawea, kia kaweake hoki, karekau e whakarite ana i te tūponotanga o te whakaputu, ko tēnā he mea nui mo ngā mea pērā i ngā kapa pukapuka me ngā rara mātauranga. Ko te whakahoki mai i ngā hangaanga e whakapae ana he mīhini nui ake hei whakahaere i te mōhiotanga o ngā tuhinga i runga i te wā, ka mutu noa te hiahia mō ngā whakatūhono anō. Ko tēnei āhuatanga e whakamana ana kia kitea ai ngā tuhinga, kia kore ai e tahuri, ahakoa te whakahoahoa nui.

Tauira 125: Whakaitihaunga Wāhi Tūmataiti

Kei te whakamahia te rahi o 125-mikrona hei whakarite i tētahi waho matua mō te tirotiro, ahakoa i te rahi hīnāhina e utu ana, e mahi ake ana he mea whakawai. Ki te whakaatu i ngā kaiwhakarato ki runga i ngā whenua nui, ka taea te whakarite i te āhua pai o te whakatika me te whakapapa, kāore i te whakauru i ngā pūtake kore. He mea nui kei ngā pukapuka o te whenua nei tēnei rahi, ko tēnā te mea whai mana i te whakahaere i ngā kaiwhakarato, ahakoa i te rahi hīnāhina e utu ana, e mahi ake ana he mea whakawai. Ki te whakarite i ngā kaiwhakarato o 125-mikrona, ka taea e ngā whakamahi katoa te whakarite i te tirotiro pai, kāore i te whakauru i ngā pūtake kore.

Te Rangahau i ngā Momo Kaiwhakarato: Mai i te Vinyl Tārai ki ngā Whakaaetanga Kaua e Whakaeke

Vinyl Tārai Inkjet mō ngā Kaupapa Tūmatawhiti

Kei te whakamahia te vinila e taea ana te tuhinga me te inkjet hei wāhanga pai ake mo te tūtohu hōu me te pai, ka mahi ona ko te whakaaro matua mo nga hanga umanga e hiahia ana ki te hanga i nga lēbel me etahi whenua paetawhiti. Ko te mīhini kaiwhakapakari nei kei te pai rawa ki te whakamahere i nga pikitia nui atu me te waipapa pai, ka whakapai ake te āhua whatiwhati o Nga Kaihokohoko me nga rauemi paerewa. E taea ana ki nga raarangi tuhinga e tino iti ake, ko te vinila e taea ana te tuhinga me te inkjet he pai mo nga kaupapa akoranga motuhake me etahi atu whakamahi komitiiti, na te whanaketanga. Kei te whakaae nga hunga whakamātau ki te whakamahi i tenei rauemi hei hohepa i te whakapono o nga rauemi whakapuhonga, e tiikina ana te whakapae tūmataiti me te whakapae pai mo te hanga me te kōrero paetawhiti, e hokihoki ana ki te whakauru i te tohu hanga.

Toha Huinga Vinila Tūturu mo te Whakapai Pūmau

Nā ngā whenua whakarite kōwhaiwhai mō ngā rānei whakapūmau i te hokinga pai me te hononga kore kitea, e mahi ana hei āhuatanga tino hira i ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te pono me te hokinga roa. E pāpāke ana enei whenua ki ngā tono karoro me ngā tohu waka, nō reira ka taea te whakamana i te tuhi o te hononga i runga i ngā paenga tahumaero. Ki te kī a ngā kaiwhakapūmau iwi, ka pai ake ngā hokinga whakapūmau i waenganui i ngā momo hokinga e taea te motu i waenganui i ngā āhuatanga kino, whakatakoto i te whanonga roa. Ko tēnei pono he whiwhinga pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te hoki pai i te matataki me te pānga, e whakamana ana i te mea ka noho pūmau ngā tohu ki runga i ngā huringa o waho.

Nga Kōwhai Kauhara Mō Nga Pūnaha Whakahoa me Nga Matera Whai Hua

He mea nui te whiuwhiu kaweaka mō te tiaki i ngā hanganga e rere ana i te hauhau ā-wiri, he take nui tēnei i ngā pūtake hapa me ngā hapa i roto i ngā whenua hangarau. Kua hanga ēnei kaweaka hei waihanga i tētahi wāhi whakahaere, ko te wāhi tūmanako hei tiaki i ēnei hanganga itiiti, kia noho tika ki te tiaki i ngā momo hangarau. Kua tae atu ngā raraunga i te mea ka nui ake te whakaiti i te uaua o te huri i ngā mōhiotanga hangarau, ka kitea te nui o te hunga o ēnei kaweaka. Mō ngā pakihi e mahi nei i roto i ngā rōpū hangarau, ko te whakamahi i ngā kaweaka whiuwhiu he tikanga matua hei tiaki i te mana o te katoa o ngā mahi.

Nga Taumata Whakahuatanga Kāinga , Taurongo & Ngā Taiao Hangarau

Te Tiaki i ngā Tuhipoka Nui: Unga Rangahau & Take

He whakapuakitanga nui ngā kiri lāmine mō te tiaki i ngā tuhinga nui, pērā i ngā tohu ā-waha me ngā take rite, ki te whakamutu i te whakatangitangi, kia mau tonu i te wā katoa i tō rātou kei te pai. Ko te rangahau e tautoko ana i te whakaaro ko ngā tuhinga i lāmine nei he potenga nui rawa atu ki te whakarareka i te mate ā-ao nui rawa atu i a rātau kaupapa kua tiakina, hei tiaki i te kore whakapūmau, te kore kaweake, me te kore huringa. Ko tēnei tūmatawhānui o te tiaki e pā ana i ngā wāhi nui i te haerenga, pērā i ngā kura me ngā tari, ki reira e tiakina ana ngā tuhinga hei whakamana i a rātau mana.

Whakapai i ngā Raraunga Pārongo: Kaiwhakamārama me ngā Pukapuka

Nō te whakarite mai i ngā kaiwhakaaturanga me ngā pukapuka kua tāwariwari, ka noho he iti tonu ngā wā e huringa nei, ā, ka whai hoki i tētahi āhua mōhihi, pai ake, e āhei ana ki te whakaiti i ngā whakaaro o ngā manuhiri mō tētahi pakihi. Kua tautohetohe hoki ngā rautaki, ko ngā manuhiri e whakahēnei ana i ngā kaiwhakaatu tāwariwari, e angitia ana hei mea whakapono, me te nui rawa atu te take whakapohewa. Ki te whakatika te āhua pai ake nei, ā, ki te whakatūroro hoki i te whanaketanga, ka heke i te hiahia mō ngā whakaahua anō, e ai pū ki te tirotiro i te utu e taea ana, me ngā rautaki e tutuki ana i te huarahi pai.

Te Hangahanga o ngā Kōrero Tuku Ihu Ngaio ki te Whakamahere Pāngarau

Kei te whakamana ngā kaiwhakaahua ki ngā tohunga toi i te tīmata mahi hei hanga āhuarangi me ngā kōwhatu ka taea te whitiwhiti i ngā momo taiao iti, nā reira ka pai hei whakaatu i roto hoki i waho. Ko tēnei tuhinga e tiaki ana i ngā hoahoa o te hunga toi mō te wā, whakawhānuitia ai he take whakapakari i te whakaaro toi. Kei ngā pūrongo i waenganui i te hapori toi, kei te whai iho he whakanui ake te whiwhi i te whakamahere whakaahua hei tiaki i o rātou mahi toi kia kore e mōhio, kia kore e whakaekehia, kia ora ai te roa me te pūmau o te whiu.

Me pēhea te Whiriwhiringa i te Mahi Tika mō Ōu Hiahia

Whakamātau i te Houkura: Nga Tauanga 75 Ki 125 Micron

Ka whakaaro nui ki te tīpakore hōhonu e pai ana i te kaiwhakarite, ko te rahi he mea nui hei whakaaro. Ko te āheinga nui, ko ngā pūmau 75-mikrona ka pai tonu mō ngā tuhinga o te rangitū maihere nei e hiahiatia ana ki te whakamahinga iti, pērā i ngā whakaahua whaihua rānei, rānei ngā tohu takitahi. Ki runga i tērā, ko ngā pūmau 125-mikrona e tika ana mō ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana i te mahi nui ake rānei i ngā momo mate ā-ao, pērā i ngā tohu rānei, rānei ngā tuhinga e whakahaukia ana i waenganui. Nā ngā tohutohu a ngā tohunga whaihua, ko ngā pūmau nui e taea ana te whakapakari i te mutunga moe mō ngā hoko e hāngai ana ki ngā wāhi whakamamae. Mā tēnā, ko te hanga i tētahi whakawhitiwhiti katoa hei whakatau i te whakamahinga, i te taumata o te mahi, me te tūranga tirotiro hiahia hei whakamana i te whakapono i te rahi pūmau e pai ana.

Whaiwhai vs. Whakamā: Ngā Whakaaetanga Tūmataki me ngā Whakaaetanga Hangarau

Te whakatau i waenganui o ngā tahutahu pūkawakawa me ngā tahutahu kēhua ka whai wāhi nui ki te āhua matua me te whakamahi o te mea e tango ana i te lāmine. Ka whakapakari ngā tahutahu pūkawakawa i te mātātuhi o ngā tae, no reira he pai ki ngā whakaahua rānei me ngā hua tohu whero whai mārama, nōnā ka whakaiti ngā tahutahu kēhua i te kōpūtanga, no reira he pai ki ngā tuhinga hei whai mārama i raro i ngā āhuatanga mārire katoa. He mea whakarite ngā take, pērā i te taiao o te whakaatu; ināianei ka whakahēia te pūkawakawa mō ngā whakaaturanga pāngarau whai mārama, nōnā ka whai mana ētahi atu mea kēhua mō te pānui mārama i roto i ngā wāhanga whakangungu rānei me ngā wāhanga pakihi. Ko te whakahoki mai i ngā toi rangahau he whakaaweawe i ngā tahutahu kēhua mō ngā tuhinga whakangungu, nā te āhua mātau nei.

Ngā Kīwaha Whakapiri: Ngā Whakarite Tirohanga vs. Ngā Whakarite Tūmama

Ko te kīwaha i te mahi tika hei whiriwhiri i te momo pūkai rite, he mea nui mo te whakamana i te mea ka hiaia e koutou ki te hanga i o ratou tikanga. He whakaaetanga tuatahi ake mo nga whakahaere matua, e whakamana ana i nga rara hei noho mo te wā e hirahira ana, ko te mea pai rawa mo nga kōrero tuatahi ranei, pe nehe ranei nga tuhinga. I te wā e kē tonu ana, ka taea e ngā pūkai whakakore e whakawhanake ana i te mana whakarite, ka taea e ratou e hoki atu nei ki te wā e hia ai ki te mōhiohio, ka pai rawa mo nga whakaaturanga iti, ki te mea he mea nui te whakarerekēnga. Kei a maua i runga i te whakaaetanga a ngā tohunga i roto i te whenua, he mea nui te whakamahi i te whakaaro rangatira mo te whiriwhiri i nga momo pūkai e tika ana ki nga tikanga whakamutunga me te whakarerekēnga o te whakamahi, e whakamana ana i te mahi pai me te pai rawa i te kawe pai.

Te Whakapai i te Whanaketanga: Nga Tikanga Pai mo te Whakahaere me te Tiaki

Te Tiaki Pono: Te Ueke i nga Hauora me nga Tauanga Whakaekea

Ki te whakapakari i te whanonga, me whakaae ngā mea i whakaritea ki ngā wāhi e pāngia ana ngā huamoni me ngā wea, nā te mea e taea ana ngā waewae me te raru hei whai. He tohutohu mō te arotake i te whakaaturanga, ka taea te whakatūwhera i te roa o te wā o ngā raraunga i whakaritea, anō he mea kē. Ko te whakatinana i ngā tikanga whakaae he mahi mua hei tiaki i ngā taonga nui, kia mau tonu i te hāpai pai mō ēnei rā.

Nga momo whakawhitiwhiti mo nga mata ki runga

Ko te whakawhitiwhiti i ngā wā regular he mea nui ki te whakarite i te iti me te whakamutu i ngā kawe; ko te whakamahi i ngā kiri hēkiro me ngā rongoā whakawhitiwhiti matua i tautoko ai. He tohutohu i te ao mahi, ka puta te kino ki te kore whakaae, ka puta te hanga, ka noho tonu nei te hunga whakaritea i runga i te wā. Ko te whakatūwhera i tētahi rautaki whakawhitiwhiti kōtihi ka taea te tiaki i te whakahaere me te whakaiti i ngā raraunga i whakaritea, kia mau tonu i te mārama me te whakahirahira.

Te Whakamutu i te Whitiwhiti: Wānanga Tukutuku me ngā Pūtake Whakamahi

Ka taea te whakamutu i te whitiwhiti o ngā kōwae i lamaia ki te whai i ngā tohutohu tukutuku tika me ngā hanga whakamahi tika i roto i te mātaitanga o te lama. Hei tauira, te whakamahi i ngā tūtohi wera tika me te tāpiri āhuatanga e rite ana ka noho nui ki te whakaiti i te pūnaha o te whitiwhiti. Ka awhinatia e ngā pai ā-momo lama i a koutou ki te whakaaro nui ki ngā tohutoro hēma i runga i ngā paerewa whakahaere, e whakaū ana i te nuinga o ngā hua pai, ā, e whakaū ana hoki i te hīkoi o te whakawai pai i ia wā o te mahi lama hei whakamutu i ngā take nui e pā ana, pērā i te whitiwhiti.

pātengi kōrero

He aha ngā pai o ngā karu lama e āheinga ana i te wai me te pūrepo?

E āhei ana ngā karu lama e āheinga ana i te wai me te pūrepo ki te whakahoki i ngā kōwae i waenganui i ngā tuhinga, i te wai, i te pūrepo, i te pūrepo, me te pūrepo, e whakapakari ana i tō rātou ao pūnaha, e tiaki ana i tō rātou wharepu, ā, e noho tonu ana i ngā wā e pā ana i ngā wā e pā ana.

Pēhea te āheinga o ngā karu lama e āheinga ana i te UV ki te tiaki i ngā kōwae?

Nā ngā kiriwhara whakamahue UV ka tiaki i ngā tuhinga hei whakaiti i ngā rākau whakarere UVA me ngā rākau UVB, mura tērā e whakatika ai te whakaputu ki te kōwhai me te tiaki i te āhuatanga kanohi, inā he tuhinga e hāngai ana ki te ururangi o te rā.

He aha te maukuuku tino whakaaro mo ngā kiriwhara whakamahue?

Ka hiki te maukuuku tino whakaaro ki te whakamahi. Ko te 75 mikona he pai rawa mo te tiaki iti, engari ko te 125 mikona ka taea te tiaki whanui mo ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana ki te whakanuiake nui ranei, ki te tiaki whenua ranei.

He aha te mahi e tūhono nei: pūoro ranei, noa ranei?

Ko ngā mahi pūoro ka whakapai i ngā kōwhai, nā reira he pai rawa mo ngā photo me ngā raraunga whatumanawa, ahakoa ko ngā mahi noa ka whakaiti i te kōpiko mō te panoni whaihua i runga i ngā momo maramataka rānei.

Me pēhea taku whakaae ki te whakakore i te kuhikuhitanga o ngā tuhinga?

Whakakore i te kuhikuhitanga ki te whakamahi i ngā tūtohi wero tika me te kawe i te hopu whakaeke i runga i te mahi whakamahue, ka whakautu i ngā tohutohu kaiwhakahaere mō te whakamahi pai rawa.